色情视频

According to the latest . The latest estimate is roughly 30 percent higher than the center鈥檚 2012 measure, which found that one in 88 children had autism, based on health and education records.

Researcher Inna Fishman is interested in how different parts of the brain communicate with each other, and how these connections develop across childhood and adolescence.

Through this developmental lens, the 色情视频 psychology research professor hopes to understand the typical and atypical patterns of brain organization and brain connections that give rise to either normative, or abnormal behaviors, especially in the sphere of social behavior such as interacting with or understanding of others.

鈥淪ocial skills and the ability to navigate the social world are quite impaired in autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder with an alarmingly growing prevalence. However, scientists do not have a firm understanding yet of what brain processes cause that deficiency. In order to be able to develop effective interventions, we need to first understand what the underlying brain patterns are that give rise to those behaviors,鈥� Fishman said.

Fishman has utilized several brain imaging methods with different populations who have varying 鈥渟ociability,鈥� including typical extraverts or introverts, individuals with Williams syndrome known to have hypersocial behavioral tendencies, and most recently 鈥� 鈥� children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder who have stark social deficits.

Brain network communication

In her study published this week in , Fishman used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map out brain networks that are thought to support human social behavior and the understanding of others. She compared the strength and the extent of the connections within and between these networks in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and in age-matched peers who do not have the disorder.

In adolescents with autism, Fishman found two networks were communicating with each other at a greater extent than in their typically developing peers. Moreover, the extent of this 鈥渃ross-talk鈥� between the two networks was strongly linked to the amount of autistic symptoms observed.

The findings lead Fishman to believe that at least by the time children with autism reach adolescence, the brain circuits promoting social functioning are compromised and function less efficiently.

鈥淚dentifying these patterns is a first step toward developing effective treatments, such as neurofeedback-based training, that may alleviate some of the autistic symptoms by 鈥榯raining鈥� the affected brain circuits that are involved in social processing, just like one trains one鈥檚 muscles,鈥� Fishman said.

Overall, this study demonstrates that brain circuits of individuals with autism are less mature, less efficient and less specialized, even at this relatively late stage of brain development, and that this delayed maturation can explain the behavioral symptoms observed in this disorder.

Clinical and cognitive neuroscience at 色情视频

Fishman, along with 色情视频 psychology professor Ralph-Axel M眉ller and a team of researchers, work to address some of the most urgent challenges in basic science and the social sciences as part of one of .

Aligned with the White House BRAIN initiative, the research area of clinical and cognitive neuroscience at 色情视频 advances the university鈥檚 contributions to the understanding and treatment of brain-based disorders such as autism, aphasia, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and Alzheimer鈥檚 disease.